Construire un pipeline CI/CD avec GitLab

Le fichier .gitlab-ci.yml

GitLab CI/CD est configure par un fichier .gitlab-ci.yml a la racine du projet. Chaque push declenche le pipeline.

Pipeline complet : du code a la production

# .gitlab-ci.yml - Pipeline complet
stages:
  - test
  - build
  - deploy-staging
  - deploy-production

variables:
  DOCKER_IMAGE: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
  KUBE_NAMESPACE: mon-app

# ── Etape 1 : Tests ──
test:
  stage: test
  image: node:18-alpine
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm run lint
    - npm run test:unit
    - npm run test:integration
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit: test-results.xml

# ── Etape 2 : Build Docker ──
build:
  stage: build
  image: docker:24
  services:
    - docker:24-dind
  before_script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY
  script:
    - docker build -t $DOCKER_IMAGE .
    - docker push $DOCKER_IMAGE
  only:
    - main
    - merge_requests

# ── Etape 3 : Deploy Staging ──
deploy-staging:
  stage: deploy-staging
  image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
  script:
    - kubectl config use-context gitlab-agent:mon-projet
    - |
      kubectl set image deployment/mon-app \
        mon-app=$DOCKER_IMAGE \
        -n $KUBE_NAMESPACE-staging
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/mon-app -n $KUBE_NAMESPACE-staging
  environment:
    name: staging
    url: https://staging.mon-app.example.com

# ── Etape 4 : Deploy Production ──
deploy-production:
  stage: deploy-production
  image: bitnami/kubectl:latest
  script:
    - kubectl config use-context gitlab-agent:mon-projet
    - |
      kubectl set image deployment/mon-app \
        mon-app=$DOCKER_IMAGE \
        -n $KUBE_NAMESPACE-production
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/mon-app -n $KUBE_NAMESPACE-production
  environment:
    name: production
    url: https://mon-app.example.com
  when: manual   # Deploiement manuel en production
  only:
    - main

Comprendre le flux

git push origin main
     |
     v
  [test] --> npm test, lint
     |
     v
  [build] --> docker build + push vers registry GitLab
     |
     v
  [deploy-staging] --> kubectl set image (automatique)
     |
     v
  [deploy-production] --> kubectl set image (bouton manuel)